耐火(huo)澆(jiao)注料(liao)是由礦(kuang)物(wu)相(xiang)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成的(de)(de)。其(qi)組織結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)分(fen)為宏觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)微觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。前者系指(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)、大小和(he)分(fen)布與礦(kuang)物(wu)相(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)關(guan)系，通常能(neng)(neng)用眼睛觀(guan)(guan)(guan)察或用物(wu)理方法(fa)(fa)測(ce)定，故稱宏觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)：后(hou)者系指(zhi)各相(xiang)的(de)(de)含量(liang)，顆(ke)粒大小，形狀(zhuang)和(he)分(fen)布排列等情況，一般在顯微鏡(jing)下方能(neng)(neng)鑒別，故稱微觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。不(bu)定性(xing)耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)澆注料(liao)系采用振動等方法(fa)(fa)成型(xing)(xing)，含有(you)較多(duo)的(de)(de)水分(fen)，與定型(xing)(xing)耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)相(xiang)比，氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)較多(duo)較大，因(yin)此(ci)影響(xiang)高(gao)溫下的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)某些使用性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。現只闡述宏觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，檢驗項目有(you)氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)、體(ti)積密(mi)度（亦稱容積質量(liang)）、真(zhen)密(mi)度和(he)透氣(qi)(qi)度。這些性(xing)能(neng)(neng)之(zhi)間有(you)密(mi)切的(de)(de)關(guan)系，是表征材(cai)料(liao)致密(mi)程度的(de)(de)，對(dui)其(qi)抗渣性(xing)、抗熱震性(xing)和(he)熱導率(lv)等性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有(you)一定的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。因(yin)此(ci)，宏觀(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)是評價耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)原料(liao)和(he)成型(xing)(xing)體(ti)質量(liang)的(de)(de)重要指(zhi)標(biao)。不(bu)定形耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)成型(xing)(xing)、拆模后(hou)，檢驗常溫性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，其(qi)他性(xing)能(neng)(neng)檢驗用的(de)(de)試(shi)樣，應(ying)進行烘(hong)干(gan)，方能(neng)(neng)檢驗。

制作的試(shi)樣(yang)中(zhong)除實體外(wai)，還有(you)許多大小不(bu)(bu)一、形狀不(bu)(bu)同的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，即試(shi)樣(yang)為(wei)多孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)體。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)分三類：一側(ce)(ce)封(feng)閉(bi)另一側(ce)(ce)和外(wai)界相通(tong)的稱為(wei)開(kai)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，封(feng)閉(bi)在試(shi)樣(yang)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)與外(wai)界相通(tong)的稱為(wei)閉(bi)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，穿通(tong)試(shi)樣(yang)幾面的稱為(wei)貫通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。總(zong)(zong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)即真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)系指(zhi)試(shi)樣(yang)中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)總(zong)(zong)體積(ji)占試(shi)樣(yang)總(zong)(zong)體積(ji)的百分比：在一般情(qing)況下，將(jiang)貫通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)并入開(kai)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，閉(bi)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)較(jiao)少且難以(yi)直接進行測定。因(yin)此氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)則用開(kai)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)即顯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)表示(shi)。顯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)系指(zhi)試(shi)樣(yang)中(zhong)的開(kai)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)總(zong)(zong)體積(ji)占試(shi)樣(yang)總(zong)(zong)體積(ji)的百分比。

體(ti)(ti)積(ji)密度系指試樣烘(hong)干后的(de)質量與(yu)其總(zong)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)之比值(zhi)，幾多孔(kong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)質量與(yu)其總(zong)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)之比值(zhi)，用Kg/m3或g/cm3 表示(shi)。顯氣孔率和體積密(mi)度是控制不定形耐火材(cai)料施工(gong)制作質量的(de)依據之一(yi)。兩種性能(neng)指標(biao)，可(ke)用同一(yi)試樣測(ce)定。下表。為常用耐火澆注料的(de)體積密(mi)度和顯氣孔率。

常用耐(nai)火(huo)澆注料的(de)體積密(mi)度和顯(xian)氣孔率